Steel and Iron - JCG Industrial Co., Ltd. Manufacturing Factory

Understanding Steel Iron Alloys
Metallic iron ore exists in the form of iron oxide in nature. Iron is divided into three categories: pig iron, wrought iron, and steel according to its manufacturing and impurity content.
 

Pig iron	Wrought iron	Steel

一) Pig iron: Iron ore is smelted into iron at high temperature. Most pig iron is used to make steel. It has a low melting point and high fluidity. It is suitable for casting, so it is called cast iron.
Features: Contains many impurities, high carbon content, hard and brittle materials, volume expansion when condensing, suitable for mold casting, commonly used in the manufacture of iron pipes, pots, furnaces, farm tools and ironware.
二) Wrought iron: pig iron removes the impurities contained, mature iron, very pure iron, rich in ductility and malleability, suitable for high-temperature tempering and joining, also known as wrought iron.
Features: expensive and limited in use. It is often used to make nails, iron wires, and iron plates.
三) Steel: Steel has a carbon content between pig iron and wrought iron. Railroad tracks, construction, shipbuilding, guns, artillery and other structural materials and drill bits, pliers, and knives are all made of steel.
Features: It has both the advantages of pig iron and wrought iron, suitable for casting and forging joints, and has a wide range of uses.
四) Alloy: Different metals are uniformly mixed to form alloys to manufacture various kitchen utensils, tableware and medical equipment. The stainless steel used is an alloy of steel and nickel (Ni) and chromium (Cr). The constituent elements of the alloy are usually metal. The mixture of a small amount of non-metal and metal elements is also called an alloy, and steel is iron with a small amount of carbon, which is also an alloy.
Characteristics: Steel and different materials are mixed into various alloys, which have different properties and uses. When metal elements form alloys, the properties will change accordingly (hardness becomes larger, melting point decreases, rust is not easy to be etc...).
There are 3 common cases:
1. Pure gold is soft, adding a small amount of copper, silver increases its hardness, this type of gold is usually called K gold.
2. The alloy formed by adding about 18% chromium and 8% nickel to iron is called stainless steel, which is not only not easy to rust, but also hard and durable.
3: A layer of magnetic material coated on computer magnetic sheets, video tapes, audio tapes, and telephone cards is iron oxide.

International Standards Comparison Table

	USA	Japan	Germany
Structural steel	ASTM A36	JIS G3106	DIN 17100
Cast iron	ASTM A48	JIS G5501	DIN 1691
For pressure piping Welded and seamless steel pipe	ASTM A53	JIS G3454	DIN 1626 DIN 1629
Forged rolled pipes or flanges used at high temperatures	ASTM A105	JIS G4015	DIN 17155
Seamless steel pipe used under high temperature	ASTM A106	JIS G3456	DIN 17175
Valves, flanges and pipe fittings cast in grey cast iron	ASTM A126	JIS G5501	DIN 1691
Structural steel for oil storage tanks, bridges, ships, vehicles, and containers	ASTM A131	JIS G3106	DIN 17100
Standardize welding fusion (arc) of pipes, steel, and electrical appliances	ASTM A134	JIS G3457
High-tensile-strength carbon steel and low-alloy steel castings for structural use	ASTM A148	JIS G5111
Boiler and heat exchanger steel pipes, seamless low-carbon and carbon-molybdenum alloy steel	ASTM A161	JIS G3461	DIN 17175
Hot-rolled stainless steel, nickel-chromium alloy steel plate, sheet, coil material	ASTM A167	JIS G4304	DIN 17440
Hot-rolled stainless steel, chrome steel plate, thin plate, coil material	ASTM A176	JIS G4304	DIN 17440
Cold drawn seamless mild steel	ASTM A179	JIS G3461	DIN 1629
Forged or hot rolled steel pipes, flanges, valves	ASTM A181	JIS G3201	DIN 17100 DIN 17200
Forged or rolled alloy steel flanges and valves used at high temperatures	ASTM A182	JIS G4303	DIN 17440
Seamless carbon steel boiler tube used under high pressure	ASTM A192	JIS G3461	DIN 17175
Alloy steel used at high temperature Bolt material	ASTM A193	JIS G4107 JIS G4105	DIN 17200 DIN 17240
Carbon alloy steel for machine structure Nuts, bolts	ASTM A194	JIS G4051	DIN 17240
Cold drawn seamless alloy structural steel	ASTM A199	JIS G3462	DIN 17175
Used in pressure vessels at low temperatures Nickel steel plate	ASTM A203	JIS G3127
Molybdenum steel plates, boilers and other pressure vessels	ASTM A204	JIS G3103	DIN 17155
Seamless molybdenum carbon steel boiler and superheating tube	ASTM A209	JIS G3462
Seamless medium carbon steel boiler and superheating tube	ASTM A210	JIS G3461	DIN 17175
Seamless ferritic and austenitic alloy steel boiler	ASTM A213	JIS G3462	DIN 17175
Standard Specification for Electric Welding of Carbon Steel Pipes for Heat Exchangers and Condensers	ASTM A214	JIS G3481	DIN 1626
Cast steel products for high temperature and high pressure, carbon steel castings suitable for fusion welding	ASTM A216	JIS G5151	DIN 17245
Alloy steel castings for high temperature pressure parts	ASTM A217	JIS G5151	DIN 17245
Forged carbon steel and alloy steel accessories at high temperature	ASTM A234	JIS G3452	DIN 1629
Corrosion resistant chromium steel and nickel chromium steel	ASTM A240	JIS G4304	DIN 17440
Corrosion-resistant chrome steel plate	ASTM A263	JIS G4304	DIN 17440
Corrosion resistant nickel-chromium stainless steel plate	ASTM A264	JIS G4304	DIN 17440
Carbon steel forged steel parts for pressure vessels	ASTM A266	JIS G3202	EN 10222-4
Seamless nickel-chromium stainless steel pipe for oil refinery	ASTM A271	JIS G3463
Cast iron	ASTM A278	JIS G5501	EN 1561
Medium and low-grade carbon steel plates with tensile strength for general construction	ASTM A283	JIS G3101	DIN 17100
Carbon steel pressure vessel with medium and low tensile strength	ASTM A285	JIS G3103	DIN 17155
Corrosion-resistant iron-nickel-chromium alloy castings	ASTM A296	JIS G5121	DIN 17445
Heat-resistant iron-nickel-chromium alloy castings	ASTM A297	JIS G5122
Carbon-manganese-silicon steel plate for pressure vessel	ASTM A299	JIS G3115
Molybdenum-manganese and molybdenum-manganese-nickel steel plates for pressure vessels	ASTM A302	JIS G3119
Low carbon steel threaded standard fixing parts	ASTM A307	JIS G3101	DIN 257
Seamless and welded stainless steel pipes for piping	ASTM A312	JIS G3459	DIN 17440
Alloy steel bolt material used at low temperature	ASTM A320	JIS G4105	DIN 17200
High-strength steel-bonded bolts	ASTM A325	JIS G4051	DIN 1654
Seamless and welded pipes used at low temperatures	ASTM A333	JIS G3460
Seamless and welded carbon alloy steel pipes for driving at low temperatures		ASTM A334	JIS G3464
Seamless ferritic alloy steel pipe used at high temperature	ASTM A335	JIS G3458	DIN 17175
Stainless steel forgings used in pressure vessels	ASTM A336	JIS G3202	EN 10222-2
Carbon steel and low alloy steel forgings for cryogenic pressure vessels	ASTM A350	JIS G3205
Austenitic steel castings used at high temperatures	ASTM A351	JIS G5121	DIN 17445
Ferritic steel castings used under low temperature and high pressure	ASTM A352	JIS G5152
Nickel steel plates used in pressure vessels at low temperatures	ASTM A353	JIS G3127
Cast steel castings used under high temperature and high pressure	ASTM A356	JIS G5151
Hot rolled stainless steel plate and steel strip	ASTM A358	JIS G4304	DIN 17440
Ductile iron castings	ASTM A395	JIS G5502	EN 1563
Pressure vessel nickel-chromium steel plate	ASTM A414	JIS G3103	DIN 17155
Centrifugal cast ferritic alloy steel used at high temperature	ASTM A426	JIS G5202	DIN 17245
Austenitic iron castings	ASTM A436	JIS G5510
Pressure vessel carbon steel plate	ASTM A442	JIS G3115
Stainless steel forgings used in pressure vessels	ASTM A473	JIS G3214	EN 10222-5
High tensile strength carbon steel for structure and Low alloy steel castings	ASTM A487	JIS G5111
Quenched, tempered and vacuum treated carbon alloy	ASTM A508	JIS G3212
Carbon steel plates used in pressure vessels at high temperatures	ASTM A515	JIS G3103	DIN 17156
Carbon steel plates used in pressure vessels at medium and normal temperatures	ASTM A516	JIS G3118	DIN 17135
Nickel steel plates used in pressure vessels at low temperatures	ASTM A522	JIS G3127	EN 10222
Pressure vessel carbon-manganese-silicon steel plate heat treatment	ASTM A537	JIS G3115	DIN 17155
Nickel steel plates used in pressure vessels at low temperatures	ASTM A553	JIS G3127
Hot-rolled carbon steel product quality	ASTM A569	JIS G3131	DIN 1623
Hot-rolled carbon steel plate and steel strip for general structure	ASTM A570	JIS G3101	DIN 17100
Austenitic iron castings	ASTM A571	JIS G5510
Cold rolled carbon steel structural plate	ASTM A611	JIS G3141
Ordinary billets, special-shaped steel bars, steel bars	ASTM A615	JIS G3112
Stainless steel forgings used in pressure vessels	ASTM A705	JIS G3214	EN 10250
Corrosion resistant cast steel castings	ASTM A743 /A744	JIS G5121	EN 10213